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《大学英语》期末试卷(精选07)
一、听写（10分）
查看答案与解析
注意：听写说明：本部分主要考查听力记录与拼写能力。由于音频缺失，建议考生重点练习常见学术词汇及短语。
练习重点：
- 精听练习：选取标准新闻或教材录音进行逐句听写。
- 符号记录：学习使用简写符号提高记录速度。
- 语法校审：听写完成后根据语法逻辑检查单复数、时态等。
难度： ⭐⭐⭐ 考点： #听力理解 #单词拼写
💡 学习锦囊
📖 相关公式与知识点：
- 听写三步法：听→记→校
- 常见缩写符号：govt (government), edu (education), w/ (with)
- 注意连读、弱读、同化现象
思路分析
听写训练应从慢速英语开始，逐步过渡到常速。重点抓实词（名词、动词、形容词），虚词根据语法补全。
易错点
- 名词单复数听不清时，根据上下文判断
- 动词时态注意-ed结尾的弱读
- 冠词 a/an 的区分
🔄 举一反三
- 听写练习：选取一段VOA慢速英语，逐句听写并对照原文。
查看练习答案与解析
建议： 先完整听一遍把握大意，再逐句听写，最后对照原文检查拼写和语法错误。
二、词汇填空（本大题共20小题，每题1分，共20分）
Directions: Fill in the blanks in each sentence with a word taken from the following in its appropriate form.
Word List: contemplate | easygoing | collide with | dedicated ...to | confide to | ultimate | trouble | be...indebted to | humanity | scoffed at | installing | slacken | meditation | take at face value | bet | is apt to | harbinger | fumble | fluent | subsequent | go round
- These skills were then handed down to ______ generations of craftsmen.
- If there is any hard work to be done, I ______ you he won't come.
- He is ______ in several languages, including Thai and Chinese.
- In running round the corner, he ______ another man.
- Don't ______ until trouble troubles you.
- He ______ around in the cupboard, desperately searching for his tablets.
- One evening he came and ______ me that he had spent five years in prison.
- I ______ you for your help.
- The union leaders declared that the ______ aim of their struggle was to increase pay and improved working conditions.
- （题目缺失）
- The cock is the ______ of dawn.
- （题目缺失）
- （题目缺失）
- The Nazi was accused of committing crimes against ______.
- She is a liar. You should not ______ her words ______.
- Food ______ deteriorate in summer.
- He ______ his first book ______ his mother.
- Our manager's an ______ person; she never gets angry.
- There aren't enough computers for the whole grade of students to ______.
- The young surgeon ______ the difficult operation of kidney transplant.
查看答案与解析
答案：
- subsequent（后来的）
- bet（敢说/肯定）
- fluent（流利的）
- collided with（碰撞）
- trouble（自找麻烦）
- fumbled（摸索）
- confided to（吐露）
- am greatly indebted to（感激）
- ultimate（最终的）
- （题目缺失）
- harbinger（预兆）
- （题目缺失）
- （题目缺失）
- humanity（人类/人性）
- take...at face value（仅凭表象相信）
- is apt to（易于）
- dedicated...to（献给）
- easygoing（随和的）
- go round（足够分配）
- contemplated（沉思/考虑）
解析：
- subsequent：修饰名词，表示时间上的先后。
- bet：习惯表达 I bet you 表示确信。
- fluent：be fluent in 表示"精通……语言"。
- collided with：动作描述，注意过去时态。
- confide to：秘密吐露给某人。
- be indebted to：固定短语，表示"对某人感激不尽"。
- take at face value：习惯表达，意为"仅看表面"。
- is apt to：表示一种倾向或可能性。
- dedicated...to：dedicate sth. to sb. 把某物献给某人。
- go round：动词短语，意为"足够分配给每一个人"。
- contemplated：contemplate 意为"沉思，仔细考虑"。
难度： ⭐⭐ 考点： #词义辨析 #固定搭配 #词形变化
💡 学习锦囊
📖 相关公式与知识点：
- confide in vs confide to：confide in sb. 强调信任某人并诉说秘密；confide sth. to sb. 侧重于将具体事情吐露给某人。
- be indebted to：常用在正式书信或表达深切谢意时。
- be apt to：表示"易于……"，相当于 be likely to。
- go round：意为"足够分配"，相当于 be enough for everyone。
思路分析
词汇填空解题步骤：①先通读全句理解大意；②判断空格词性；③从词表中筛选符合词性和语义的词；④注意时态和语态变化。
易错点
- collided with 需要用过去时态
- fumbled 需要用过去时态
- contemplated 需要用过去时态
- confide to 与 confide in 的区别
🔄 举一反三
- The sudden rain ______ cause traffic jams.
查看练习答案与解析
答案：is apt to解析： be apt to 表示"易于……"，主语是 rain，用 is。
- She ______ her secret ______ her best friend.
查看练习答案与解析
答案：confided...to解析： confide sth. to sb. 意为"将某事吐露给某人"。
三、课文理解与复述（本大题共30分）
(A) 同义替换（本大题共10小题，每题2分，共20分）
Substitute each italicized part with a word or expression that fits into the sentence both semantically and grammatically.
- In Spain and Italy, it's siesta time.
- She stifled the children's laughter when she exclaimed how pretty the bracelet was.
- Psychologists identify friends as those who accept each other, confide in each other and feel responsible for each other.
- After the Academy, he returned to live with his father, a local pharmacist, and to attend public high school.
- That's how I got involved in the worst product endorsement I ever did.
- What is needed to make friendship grow, blossom and last?
- It is important to recognize that human beings... are fundamentally hewn from the same material.
- You think that's power? Mayblum would scoff.
- Large polls of citizens from developed nations find that they say they are happier than those in developing ones.
- ...if you made a trip to the local library and perused the periodical section for articles on global warming.
查看答案与解析
答案：
- afternoon rest / nap — siesta 源自西班牙语，意为"午睡"。
- suppressed / held back — stifle 意为"抑制，扼杀"。
- share secrets with / trust — confide in 意为"信任并向某人吐露秘密"。
- go to / be present at — attend 在此意为"上学"。
- support / promotion / advertisement — endorsement 在商业语境下指"产品代言"或"背书"。
- develop / flourish / thrive — blossom 比喻"发展壮大"。
- made / formed / shaped — hewn 原意为"砍，劈"，引申为"塑造，形成"。
- mock / laugh at / express contempt — scoff 带有贬义，意为"嘲笑"。
- surveys / public opinion studies — polls 意为"民意调查"。
- read carefully / examined — peruse 书面语，指"精读，仔细研读"。
难度： ⭐⭐⭐ 考点： #词汇近义词 #语境理解 #词义推断
💡 学习锦囊
📖 相关公式与知识点：
- blossom：既可指花朵绽放，也常比喻事业、友谊等"发展壮大"。
- scoff：带有明显的贬义色彩，常跟介词 at 连用。
- hewn：hew 的过去分词，原意为"砍伐"，引申为"塑造"。
- peruse：正式用语，不是"浏览"而是"精读"。
思路分析
同义替换题解题步骤：①理解原词在句中的含义；②判断替换词的词性；③确保替换后语法正确、语义通顺。
易错点
- peruse 常被误解为"浏览"，实际意为"精读"
- scoff 需要跟 at 连用表示"嘲笑某事"
- hewn 是 hew 的过去分词，不是原形
🔄 举一反三
- The teacher scrutinized every student's paper carefully.
查看练习答案与解析
答案：examined closely / inspected解析： scrutinize 意为"仔细检查"，与 peruse 类似，强调仔细。
- The economy began to flourish after the reform.
查看练习答案与解析
答案：thrive / prosper / boom解析： flourish 与 blossom 类似，都表示"繁荣发展"。
(B) 简答题（10分）
Answer the question in ONE COMPLETE sentence.
Question: In "A New Attitude to Gratitude", what did the author ask her children to do to express their gratitude?
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答案： The author asked her children to write thank-you notes to express their gratitude for the gifts they received.
解析： 根据课文《A New Attitude to Gratitude》的内容，作者强调了通过书写感谢信（thank-you notes）来培养孩子感恩之心的重要性。
难度： ⭐⭐ 考点： #课文理解 #句子结构 #主旨概括
💡 学习锦囊
📖 相关公式与知识点：
- 简答题要求用完整句子回答
- 回答应包含：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语/表语
- 注意时态与原文一致
思路分析
简答题解题步骤：①定位原文相关段落；②提取关键信息；③用完整句子组织答案。
易错点
- 必须用完整句子，不能用短语回答
- 注意时态与原文保持一致
🔄 举一反三
- Why did the author think gratitude was important?
查看练习答案与解析
答案：The author believed that gratitude helped people appreciate what they had and maintain positive relationships.解析： 感恩有助于人们珍惜所拥有的并维持积极的人际关系。
四、翻译（本大题共5小题，每题2分，共10分）
- 他承认他的失败是因为缺乏信心。(lack of)
- 警员们声称他们在暴乱中所采取的行动纯属防卫。(defensive)
- 出国前我在这家公司断断续续工作过两年。(off and on)
- 他对政府处理经济问题的方法很失望。(disillusioned)
- 医生的一番话消除了他对手术的恐惧感。(remove)
查看答案与解析
参考答案：
- He admitted that his failure was due to a lack of confidence.
- The police claimed that the actions they took in the riot were purely defensive.
- I had worked in this company off and on for two years before going abroad.
- He was disillusioned with the government's way of dealing with economic problems.
- What the doctor said removed his fear of the operation.
解析：
- 第1题：lack of 常作为名词短语使用，表示"缺乏"。due to 引出原因。
- 第2题：defensive 形容词，表示"防卫的，防御性的"。purely 修饰 defensive。
- 第3题：off and on 副词短语，意为"断断续续地"。"出国前"暗示过去完成时 had worked。
- 第4题：disillusioned 形容词，常与 with 连用，表示"幻想破灭的，失望的"。
- 第5题：remove 动词，意为"消除，去除"。主语用 What the doctor said 名词性从句。
难度： ⭐⭐⭐ 考点： #汉译英 #固定短语应用 #时态选择
💡 学习锦囊
📖 相关公式与知识点：
- lack of — 缺乏（名词短语）
- off and on — 断断续续地
- be disillusioned with — 对……失望
- remove — 消除，去除
思路分析
翻译技巧：①先确定句子主干结构；②将中文关键词译为英文短语；③注意时态选择；④检查语法和搭配。
易错点
- 第3题"出国前"暗示过去完成时，不是一般过去时
- 第4题 disillusioned 与 with 搭配，不是 about
- 第5题主语是"医生的话"，用名词性从句 What the doctor said
🔄 举一反三
- 她对这段婚姻彻底失望了。(disillusioned)
查看练习答案与解析
答案：She was completely disillusioned with the marriage.解析： be disillusioned with 意为"对……失望"。
- 他断断续续地学了一年钢琴。(off and on)
查看练习答案与解析
答案：He studied piano off and on for a year.解析： off and on 意为"断断续续地"。
五、完形填空（本大题共15小题，每题1分，共15分）
Global warming is the mother and 1 of environment problems today. The degree of agreement 2 international scientists is remarkable: a 1.5°C to 4.5°C warming by 2050, 3 a possible rise in sea levels over the same period of 1.5 4 1.65 meters. Some scientists go much further in their predictions. Some, 5 contrast, believe there are still far too many factors involved to 6 any definitive interpretation of the data: like not knowing 7 cloud cover slows down or 8 up the process of global warming, or just how 9 carbon dioxide the oceans can absorb.
It should be noted 10 it is the scientists who are driving the global warming agenda, 11 the environmental pressure groups. It was the Changing the Atmosphere Conference in Toronto in June 1988 which alerted the media 12 the importance of the greenhouse effect by describing it 13 "an unintended, uncontrolled, globally pervasive experiment 14 ultimate consequences could be second only 15 global nuclear war."
查看答案与解析
答案：
- father — mother and father 比喻问题的根源。
- among — 在……之间，指科学家群体内部（三者以上）。
- with — 伴随，引导伴随状语。
- to — 表示范围，from...to...。
- by — by contrast 固定搭配，"相比之下"。
- make — make interpretation 做出解释。
- whether — 是否，引导宾语从句，与 or 搭配。
- speeds — speeds up 加速，与 slows down 对应。
- much — carbon dioxide 不可数，用 much。
- that — 引导主语从句的真正内容，It should be noted that...。
- not — not the environmental pressure groups，与科学家形成对比。
- to — alert sb. to sth. 使某人注意到某事。
- as — describe...as... 把……描述为……。
- whose — 引导定语从句修饰 experiment，表示"它的"。
- to — second only to 仅次于。
难度： ⭐⭐⭐ 考点： #完形填空 #介词搭配 #连词应用 #固定短语
💡 学习锦囊
📖 相关公式与知识点：
- by contrast — 相比之下
- speed up — 加速（反义词 slow down）
- alert sb. to sth. — 使某人注意到某事
- describe...as... — 把……描述为……
- second only to — 仅次于
思路分析
完形填空解题步骤：①先通读全文把握大意；②逐空分析，判断词性；③根据上下文逻辑和固定搭配确定答案；④通读检查。
易错点
- among vs between：三者以上用 among，两者用 between
- whose 在定语从句中既可指人也可指物
- second only to 是固定搭配，不要漏掉 to
🔄 举一反三
- The discovery was described ______ the most important finding of the decade.
查看练习答案与解析
答案：as解析： describe...as... 意为"把……描述为……"。
- The new policy alerted the public ______ the potential risks.
查看练习答案与解析
答案：to解析： alert sb. to sth. 意为"使某人注意到某事"。
六、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，每题1分，共15分）
Passage 1: Earthquakes and Tsunamis
Which of the following cannot be concluded from the passage?
- A. The number of earthquakes is closely related to depth.
- B. Roughly the same number of earthquakes occur each year.
- C. Earthquakes are impossible at depths over 460 miles.
- D. Earthquakes are most likely to occur near the surfaces.
The destruction of Agadir is an example of ________.
- A. faulty building construction
- B. an earthquake's strength
- C. widespread panic in earthquakes
- D. ineffective instruments
The United Nations' experts are supposed to ________.
- A. construct strong buildings
- B. put forward proposals
- C. detect disastrous earthquakes
- D. monitor earthquakes
The significance of the slow speed of tsunamis is that people may ________.
- A. notice them out at sea
- B. find ways to stop them
- C. be warned early enough
- D. develop warning systems
Which of the following is true about tsunami according to the passage?
- A. Japan was the first country to be hit by tsunami.
- B. There has no effective tsunami warning system so far.
- C. Tsunamis can be prevented from happening.
- D. Tsunamis pose a great threat to people living on the seashore.
查看答案与解析
答案：1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D
解析：
第1题：C — 文中仅提到在460英里深度地震很少，并未说460英里以上"不可能"发生，C选项过于绝对。
第2题：A — 文中提到即使震级不大的地震也能摧毁城市，关键在于建筑质量。Agadir的毁灭证明了建筑缺陷的影响。
第3题：B — 文中提到联合国专家研究地质并制定"building code"，即提供建议和方案，而非亲自建造。
第4题：C — 因为海啸移动相对慢且有预警系统，人们可以提前得到警告并撤离。
第5题：D — 文中明确提到对于海啸没有阻止的方法，只能通过预警让沿海居民撤离，这构成了巨大的威胁。
难度： ⭐⭐ 考点： #细节理解 #事实推断 #绝对化判断
💡 学习锦囊
📖 相关公式与知识点：
- 阅读理解中"cannot be concluded"类题目：注意排除过于绝对的选项
- building code — 建筑规范
- tsunami — 海啸
- seismic — 地震的
思路分析
做"以下哪项不能推出"类题目时，逐项回文验证，注意选项中的绝对化表达（如 impossible, never, all）往往与原文不符。
易错点
- 第1题C选项 impossible 过于绝对，原文说"很少"不等于"不可能"
- 第2题容易误选B，但原文强调的是建筑质量问题而非地震强度
🔄 举一反三
- What is the relationship between earthquake depth and frequency?
查看练习答案与解析
答案：The number of earthquakes decreases as depth increases.解析： 地震频率随深度增加而减少，但并非在深部完全不可能发生。
Passage 2: Charles in the Boat
In the evening the water in the boat was ________.
- A. higher than it was in the morning
- B. a little less than it was in the morning
- C. level with what it had been in the morning
- D. deeper than it had been when he studied it
Charles was worried about Harcourt's body because ________.
- A. it was unwise to keep it in the boat
- B. he thought it was too heavy
- C. he couldn't bear to get rid of it
- D. he didn't know what to do with it
Charles got rid of the body by ________.
- A. throwing it into the sea
- B. pushing it out of the boat into the sea
- C. lifting it up and dropping it into the sea
- D. raising it and allowing it to slide into the sea
Charles then spent a long while ________.
- A. looking around him into the growing darkness
- B. looking into the depths of the sea
- C. looking angrily at the sky
- D. trying to see where the sea and sky met
The finding of the maps cheered him because ________.
- A. they were carefully wrapped in oiled silk
- B. they were spotlessly new
- C. they reminded him of the ordinary, ordered world
- D. he could see at once where he was
查看答案与解析
答案：1. B 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. C
解析：
第1题：B — 文中提到 the level of the water...had fallen very slightly，水位略有下降。
第2题：A — Harcourt已成尸体，Charles意识到留在船上是不明智的。
第3题：D — 文中描述：lifted it and let it slip as gently as possible into the sea，抬起并让它滑入海中。
第4题：A — 文中描述：watching the color of the sea deepen and the sky become increasingly farther off，注视周围渐暗的环境。
第5题：C — 地图代表了文明和秩序，使他在汪洋大海中不再感到孤单，就像"human voice"一样亲切。
难度： ⭐⭐⭐ 考点： #语义推断 #情感理解 #细节定位
💡 学习锦囊
📖 相关公式与知识点：
- 文学类阅读理解注重心理描写和象征意义
- slip — 滑落（区别于 throw 扔、push 推）
- 地图的象征意义：文明、秩序、归属感
思路分析
文学类阅读理解要关注：①人物心理变化；②动作描写的深层含义；③象征物的意义。本文通过Charles处理尸体和发现地图的细节，展现了他从绝望到希望的心理转变。
易错点
- 第3题注意区分动作方式：throw（扔）、push（推）、lift and let slip（抬起让其滑落）
- 第5题地图的象征意义不是实用功能（定位），而是精神慰藉
🔄 举一反三
- What does the map symbolize in this passage?
查看练习答案与解析
答案：The map symbolizes civilization, order, and hope — a connection to the human world that Charles desperately needs in his isolation at sea.解析： 地图象征着文明、秩序和希望，是Charles在海上孤立无援时与人类世界的联系。
Passage 3: Complaining about Faulty Goods
The shopper may make a complaint because ________.
- A. he dislikes causing a fuss
- B. it doesn't do what is claimed for it
- C. the article bought is not up to standard
- D. he was at fault in buying the article
What agreement does the shopkeeper make with the customer?
- A. To take his complaint seriously.
- B. To sell him the goods.
- C. To replace or repair a faulty article.
- D. To put right poor service.
If you write a letter to complain ________.
- A. it is important to keep a record of what you say
- B. it is necessary to send receipts
- C. say how you feel about the matter
- D. ask what receipt numbers you should give
You may be able to claim extra money when ________.
- A. you have been hurt
- B. you can't find something special
- C. damage has been caused by the faulty article
- D. your clothes have been torn or lost
If a shopkeeper will not give you money you should ________.
- A. take a credit note instead
- B. refuse to leave the shop
- C. ask your office for advice
- D. find out your lawful rights
查看答案与解析
答案：1. C 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. D
解析：
第1题：C — 文首提到购买的东西有缺陷或名不副实即可投诉，C选项"不达标"最全面。
第2题：C — 文中明确提到零售商的责任是 replace or repair a faulty article。
第3题：A — 文中建议：Stick to the facts and keep a copy of what you write，保留记录很重要。
第4题：C — 文中举例：新洗衣机洗坏了衣服，可以要求赔偿衣服的钱，即商品缺陷造成的额外损失。
第5题：D — 文中建议：ask for advice from your Citizens' Advice Bureau，即咨询法律权利。
难度： ⭐⭐ 考点： #实用文体阅读 #关键信息筛选 #消费者权益
💡 学习锦囊
📖 相关公式与知识点：
- faulty goods — 有缺陷的商品
- replace or repair — 更换或维修
- credit note — 信用凭证（代替退款的购物券）
- Citizens' Advice Bureau — 公民咨询局
- claim — 索赔
思路分析
实用类阅读理解采用"带着问题找答案"的方法。先看题干中的核心关键词，再回到文中进行快速扫描定位（Scanning），提高答题速度和准确率。
易错点
- 第1题B选项"名不副实"也是投诉理由，但C"不达标"更全面
- 第5题不要选A（接受信用凭证），应先了解自己的合法权利
🔄 举一反三
- What should you do before making a complaint about faulty goods?
查看练习答案与解析
答案：You should gather evidence such as receipts, warranty documents, and records of the defect.解析： 投诉前应收集证据，如收据、保修单和缺陷记录。
- Why is it important to keep a copy of your complaint letter?
查看练习答案与解析
答案：It serves as evidence of your complaint and the date it was made, which may be needed if the dispute escalates.解析： 保留投诉信副本可作为投诉证据，在纠纷升级时可能需要。