Appearance
《大学英语》第一学期期末试卷(精选03)
一、单项选择（本大题共5小题，每题4分，共20分）
______ his work Einstein needed only a pen and a pad of paper.
- A. Doing
- B. Having done
- C. To do
- D. To have done
All our food products are completely ______ artificial colorings.
- A. free of
- B. happy with
- C. afraid of
- D. along with
Russian has just ______ a new trade agreement with Japan.
- A. written
- B. signed
- C. moved
- D. sighted
Most boys like to swim ______ they have learned how.
- A. as
- B. because
- C. once
- D. though
The play ran ______ two months and it was a great success.
- A. until
- B. for
- C. into
- D. after
查看答案与解析
答案：1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B
解析：
第1题：C — To do his work 是不定式作目的状语，表示"为了做他的工作"。Doing 表示正在做，Having done 表示做完之后，To have done 表示已完成，均不符合语境。
第2题：A — free of 意为"不含……的、免于……的"，free of artificial colorings 表示"不含人造色素"。
第3题：B — sign an agreement 是固定搭配，意为"签署协议"。
第4题：C — once 意为"一旦"，once they have learned how 表示"一旦他们学会了（游泳）"。
第5题：B — for 表示持续时间，ran for two months 表示"持续演出了两个月"。
难度： ⭐ 考点： #不定式作状语 #固定搭配 #连词辨析 #介词用法
💡 学习锦囊
📖 相关公式与知识点：
- 不定式作目的状语：To do sth., sb. does... — 为了做某事
- free of — 不含……的 / 免于……的
- sign an agreement — 签署协议
- once — 一旦（引导条件/时间状语从句）
- for + 时间段 — 持续了……
思路分析
单项选择题先判断考点类型（语法/词汇/搭配），再根据语境排除错误选项。注意区分近义连词和介词的用法差异。
易错点
- 第1题易误选A（Doing），但此处是目的而非伴随状态
- 第4题 once 与 as 都可译为"当……时"，但 once 强调"一旦"的条件关系
🔄 举一反三
- ______ the exam, she studied late into the night.
查看练习答案与解析
答案：To pass解析： 不定式作目的状语，"为了通过考试"。
- This product is completely ______ preservatives.
查看练习答案与解析
答案：free of解析： free of 意为"不含……的"。
二、七选五（本大题共10小题，每题2分，共20分）
Flying over a desert area in an airplane, two scientists looked down with trained eyes at trees and bushes. After an hour's 11 one of the scientists wrote in his book, "Look here for 12 metal." Scientists in another airplane, flying over a mountain region, sent a 13 to other scientists on the ground, "Gold possible." Walking across hilly ground, four scientists reported, "This ground should be searched for metals." From an airplane over a hilly wasteland a scientist sent back by radio one word, "Uranium."
None of the scientists had X-ray eyes: they had no 14 powers for looking down below the earth's surface. They were 15 putting to use one of the newest methods of 16 minerals in the ground — using trees and plants as 17 that certain minerals may lie beneath the ground on which the trees and plants are growing.
This newest method of searching for minerals is 18 on the fact that minerals deep in the earth may 19 the kind of bushes and trees that grow on the surface.
At Watson Bar Creek, a brook six thousand feet high in the mountains of British Columbia, Canada, a mineral search group gathered bags of tree seeds. Boxes were filled with small branches from the trees. Roots were dug and put into boxes. Each bag and box was 20 marked. In a scientific laboratory the parts of the forest trees were burned to ashes and tested. Each small part was examined to learn whether there were minerals in it.
| 选项 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| A. signs | B. sufficiently | C. locating | D. affect |
| E. merely | F. magic | G. hints | H. carefully |
| I. finding | J. message | K. flight | L. probable |
| M. revealing | N. based | O. information |
查看答案与解析
答案：11. K 12. L 13. J 14. F 15. E 16. C 17. A 18. N 19. D 20. H
解析：
11. K (flight)：an hour's flight 意为"一小时的飞行"。
12. L (probable)：probable metal 意为"可能存在的金属"，修饰 metal。
13. J (message)：sent a message 意为"发送信息"。
14. F (magic)：magic powers 意为"魔力"，科学家没有透视地下的魔力。
15. E (merely)：were merely putting to use 意为"只是在利用"。
16. C (locating)：methods of locating minerals 意为"定位矿物的方法"，of 后接动名词。
17. A (signs)：as signs that... 意为"作为……的迹象"。
18. N (based)：is based on 是固定搭配，意为"基于"。
19. D (affect)：may affect 意为"可能影响"，深层的矿物可能影响地表植物的种类。
20. H (carefully)：carefully marked 意为"仔细标记"。
难度： ⭐⭐ 考点： #完形填空 #词性判断 #固定搭配 #上下文推断
💡 学习锦囊
📖 相关公式与知识点：
- be based on — 基于（固定搭配）
- merely — 仅仅，只是
- locate → locating — 定位（动名词）
- signs — 迹象，标志
- affect vs effect：affect 是动词（影响），effect 是名词（效果）
思路分析
选词填空解题步骤：①先判断空格词性（名词/动词/形容词/副词）；②根据上下文语义缩小范围；③检查搭配和语法是否正确。
易错点
- 第16题 locating vs finding：locate 强调"确定位置"，find 强调"发现"，此处定位矿物用 locating 更准确
- 第19题 affect 是动词，effect 是名词，注意区分
🔄 举一反三
- The theory is ______ (base) on years of research.
查看练习答案与解析
答案：based解析： be based on 是固定搭配，意为"基于"。
- The scientist sent a ______ (message/information) to the team.
查看练习答案与解析
答案：message解析： send a message 是固定搭配，information 是不可数名词，不能与 a 连用。
三、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，每题2分，共30分）
A
Recently there has been a tendency to sympathize with thieves whose operations have been carried out on a grand scale, and no attempt whatever has been made to hold them responsible. Some of the most thievish transactions have flourished and are still flourishing. Their success and their wealth are the only things recognized. They are honored as financiers and men of affairs, looked up to and respected.
In reality they are nothing more and nothing less than a lot of merciless and heartless thieves. Fraud is fraud and cheating is cheating despite the artistic manner in which it is committed or the size of the scale upon which it is operated.
It is time these men were classed properly and placed where they rightly belong, for they are no better than the miserable sneak-thief who steals a penny from a blind man's dog.
For the past two or three years working people who have made sacrifices to save a few pennies have been cheated most unmercifully. Their hard-earned savings have been stolen from them by every possible scheme from the obvious looting of a bank to the higher and more artistic method of legalized high risk, complex financial products. Men high up in the financial world have lent their names to some of the most shady and notorious schemes that ever dishonored a community or a people. Because of this the most diligent and economical American people have been induced to place their hard-earned and carefully guarded savings in what they were led to believe was a safe investment, only to find out when too late that they had fallen into the hands of a gang of extremely respectable cheats. They cannot recover what they have lost.
The thief is too powerful to be affected by the law while the victim is too weak to put its machinery in motion. It may be that the law is defective, or it may be that those having its machinery in charge are influenced by the wealth of the transgressors. Whatever or whichever it is that is responsible ought to be investigated and the evil remedied.
What does the tendency mentioned in the first paragraph reflect?
- A. People only respect success and wealth without any moral judgment.
- B. People prefer to carry out operations on a grand scale.
- C. People have made attempt to hold thieves responsible.
- D. People encourage some of the most thievish transactions to flourish.
How did working people lose their hard-earned savings?
- A. They were robbed by the thieves nearby.
- B. They were unlucky in investment.
- C. They lent their money to men high up in the financial world.
- D. They were cheated by the bank.
When the writer says "a gang of extremely respectable cheats" in Paragraph Four, it is implied that ______.
- A. they are respectable in artistic cheating
- B. they are well-educated but ill-behaved
- C. they are not well-educated but respected
- D. they are cheats with respectable goals
What could be a possible reason for the thieves to escape from law according to the passage?
- A. They are powerful enough to ignore the law.
- B. There are defects in the law.
- C. The victim is too weak to investigate them.
- D. They are wealthy enough to compensate the victims.
It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
- A. any thief should be punished
- B. moral standards are always upheld
- C. there are too many thieves and robbers
- D. industrious and honest people should be highly paid
查看答案与解析
答案：1. A 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. A
解析：
第1题：A — 第一段说 Their success and their wealth are the only things recognized，人们只认可成功和财富，不做道德判断。
第2题：D — 第四段说劳动者的积蓄被各种骗局偷走，从银行打劫到合法化的高风险金融产品，即被银行等金融机构欺骗。
第3题：B — respectable cheats 是矛盾修辞，暗示这些人表面体面（受过良好教育、地位高），但行为不端。
第4题：B — 最后一段说 It may be that the law is defective，法律本身可能有缺陷。
第5题：A — 全文主旨是：无论规模大小，欺诈就是欺诈，所有窃贼都应受到惩罚。
难度： ⭐⭐⭐ 考点： #议论文阅读 #推理判断 #词义理解 #主旨推断
💡 学习锦囊
📖 相关公式与知识点：
- thievish — 像窃贼的
- fraud — 欺诈
- respectable cheats — 矛盾修辞（体面的骗子）
- transgressor — 违犯者
- remedy — 纠正，补救
思路分析
议论文阅读要抓住作者态度。本文作者强烈谴责大规模金融欺诈，认为这些"体面人"本质与小偷无异，法律应追究其责任。
易错点
- 第3题 respectable cheats 是矛盾修辞，不是指"以体面方式行骗"
- 第4题虽然A也看似合理，但原文明确提到 the law is defective，B更准确
🔄 举一反三
- What rhetorical device is used in "respectable cheats"?
查看练习答案与解析
答案：Oxymoron（矛盾修辞法）解析： respectable（体面的）与 cheats（骗子）构成矛盾，突出讽刺意味。
- What is the author's tone in this passage?
查看练习答案与解析
答案：Indignant and critical（愤慨和批判的）解析： 作者强烈谴责金融欺诈行为，呼吁法律制裁。
B
There is something grimly ridiculous as well as pathetic in the messy way we manage things in our crude attempt as civilization. While we are spending hundreds of thousands of dollars of the people's money annually in improving the breed of pig, or in fighting cattle disease, we are neglecting the most valuable asset of all, the children of the nation. A million dollars of the people's money can be spent upon a speedway so that rich people might have an opportunity of exercising their blooded stock, while not a penny can be found in the State appropriations to find food for starving children.
This foolish state of affairs was brought out in strong relief when the school teachers organized themselves into a relief committee to find ways and means for supplying food to the hungry children under their charge. This organization was brought about by the pitiable plight of the children, many of whom had become so weakened for lack of proper nourishment that they fainted at their desks while trying to study their lessons. The teachers have called their organization the "Children's Relief Society," and the day after the organization was perfected they were enabled to issue tickets to the most destitute of the children which entitled them to immediate relief.
Besides this effort on the part of the teachers, emergency measures for the relief of hundreds of pupils in other schools have been adopted by the committee of school board members. The newspapers reported that relief came in this case in the form of two soup kitchens which were opened and equipped so as to provide for hundreds of the starving children.
Destitution has visited hundreds of families as the result of the business depression. Not only have the educational authorities taken up the matter, but various generous societies have begun active work for relieving the distress. All of which is excellent in every way, yet it is not enough; it does not go far enough, for it ought not to be left to charity, but ought to be made a State duty.
We learn from the first paragraph that ______.
- A. we manage things well as civilization
- B. we are rich enough to spend money freely
- C. we need to care for the starving children
- D. rich people should exercise their blooded stock
What motivated school teachers to organize the "Children's Relief Society"?
- A. The distressing situation of the children.
- B. The improper ways of supplying food to the children.
- C. The charge of food unaffordable for children.
- D. The weak performance of children in study.
What would the Children's Relief Society do after its establishment?
- A. They would provide food directly to poor children.
- B. They would teach lessons to poor children for free.
- C. They would give poor children tickets to get food.
- D. They would relieve poor children's pressure.
What other effort for the relief of children is mentioned in the passage?
- A. The committee of school board members has taken emergency measures.
- B. People from the newspapers have built soup kitchens to provide for starving children.
- C. The educational authorities have set up funds to provide help.
- D. Generous societies have adopted hundreds of pupils in schools.
According to the passage, who should be most responsible for the relief of children's starvation?
- A. The teacher.
- B. Children's Relief Society.
- C. Charitable societies.
- D. The State.
查看答案与解析
答案：6. C 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. D
解析：
第6题：C — 第一段对比了花钱改善猪种和忽视饥饿儿童，暗示我们需要关心饥饿的儿童。
第7题：A — 第二段说 This organization was brought about by the pitiable plight of the children，是孩子们可怜的处境促使教师组织起来。
第8题：C — 第二段说 they were enabled to issue tickets to the most destitute of the children，即发放领食物的票券。
第9题：A — 第三段说 emergency measures...have been adopted by the committee of school board members。
第10题：D — 最后一段说 it ought not to be left to charity, but ought to be made a State duty，国家应承担主要责任。
难度： ⭐⭐ 考点： #议论文阅读 #细节理解 #作者观点 #对比论证
💡 学习锦囊
📖 相关公式与知识点：
- destitution — 赤贫
- pitiable plight — 可怜的处境
- soup kitchen — 施食处
- business depression — 经济萧条
- charity vs State duty — 慈善 vs 国家义务
思路分析
本文采用对比论证：花钱改善猪种 vs 忽视饥饿儿童。核心论点是：救济儿童不应依赖慈善，而应是国家的义务。
易错点
- 第8题注意是"发放票券"而非"直接提供食物"
- 第9题B选项错误，施食处是学校委员会设立的，不是报纸
🔄 举一反三
- What is the author's main argument in this passage?
查看练习答案与解析
答案：Relief of starving children should be a State duty, not left to charity.解析： 最后一段明确表达了这一观点。
- Why does the author compare spending on pigs with spending on children?
查看练习答案与解析
答案：To highlight the absurdity and injustice of neglecting children while investing in animal welfare.解析： 对比论证突出了资源分配的不合理。
C
How is it that despite our amazing powers of production there are still hundreds of millions of people all over the earth in continuous want and poverty, and dangerously near the brink of starvation? What are the causes of poverty? Everyone is forced to realize and recognize its existence and no one has yet found a cure for it.
Every thinking man has realized that poverty and starvation are not inevitable in the scheme of things. On the contrary, the fruitful earth yields enough for every one of the human beings inhabiting its surface without the twisted distribution of nature's generosity. This twisting is caused by our crude and ill developed ideas of distribution and the improper ordering of human services. In the first place, these services can be hindered at their source, and among the factors that operate in this direction may be war, crime, lack of healthy supervision, insufficient attention to rising generations, monopolies and various private ownerships that limit the usefulness of property, and neglected and wasteful destruction of property.
In the second place, the great cause of poverty is unproductive consumption. Services become unproductive when they are devoted to supplying luxuries or an excessive quantity of necessities, which may be summed up in a single word: waste. These are the primary causes of poverty; they are responsible for the presence of starvation.
Is there a remedy?
The elimination of waste through perfect production and distribution is a problem that is slowly but surely being solved by the great combinations of capital that have destroyed competition. These monopolies, selfish in the extreme and with no thought beyond profit at any price, are rendering us useful service by teaching us the importance of cooperation and cooperative methods. When these great industrial combinations, these wonderfully smooth running great business machines become the property of all the people and cease to be operated for private gain, a great step will have been taken in the direction of the solution of the starvation problem. When everyone will produce according to his ability and consume according to his needs, then, and not until then will poverty and starvation depart entirely and forever from the minds of men.
According to the passage, starvation ______.
- A. is inevitable in whatever condition
- B. is the result of insufficient production
- C. is owing to the improper distribution of nature's generosity
- D. is due to excessive consumption by human beings
Which of the following can hinder human services at their source?
- A. Private ownerships and unproductive consumption.
- B. Luxuries and an excessive quantity of necessities.
- C. Crime and lack of wealthy supervision.
- D. War and destruction of property.
Why is unproductive consumption considered as the great cause of poverty in Paragraph Three?
- A. Because people stop producing but only consume.
- B. Because people devote too much to luxuries and don't produce anything.
- C. Because people are supplied with excessive quantity of necessities and waste a lot.
- D. Because people who don't produce are responsible for the presence of starvation.
How to eliminate waste through production and distribution according to the passage?
- A. By seeking profit at any price and being selfish.
- B. By privatizing business machines and teaching the importance of cooperation.
- C. By creating more monopolies to make more profits.
- D. By cooperating and making the industrial combinations public property.
When can the starvation problem be solved according to the passage?
- A. When the great industrial combinations cease to be operated for private gain.
- B. When private monopolies become public property and the element of profit is eliminated.
- C. When production is organized based on personal capabilities and distribution on individual needs.
- D. When efficiency of production has been greatly enhanced.
查看答案与解析
答案：11. C 12. D 13. C 14. D 15. C
解析：
第11题：C — 第二段说 the fruitful earth yields enough...without the twisted distribution of nature's generosity，饥饿是由于自然慷慨分配不当造成的。
第12题：D — 第二段列举了阻碍人类服务的因素，包括 war, crime, lack of healthy supervision...neglected and wasteful destruction of property，D选项的 war 和 destruction of property 都在其中。
第13题：C — 第三段说 Services become unproductive when they are devoted to supplying luxuries or an excessive quantity of necessities，即过度供应奢侈品和必需品导致浪费。
第14题：D — 最后一段说 When these great industrial combinations...become the property of all the people and cease to be operated for private gain，即通过合作并将工业组合变为公共财产来消除浪费。
第15题：C — 最后一句说 When everyone will produce according to his ability and consume according to his needs，即按能力生产、按需分配时，饥饿问题才能解决。
难度： ⭐⭐⭐ 考点： #议论文阅读 #因果分析 #主旨理解 #推断判断
💡 学习锦囊
📖 相关公式与知识点：
- twisted distribution — 扭曲的分配
- unproductive consumption — 非生产性消费
- monopoly — 垄断
- elimination of waste — 消除浪费
- produce according to ability, consume according to needs — 按能生产，按需消费
思路分析
本文分析贫困原因：①分配不当（战争、犯罪、垄断等阻碍服务）；②非生产性消费（浪费）。解决方案是将工业组合变为公共财产，实现按能生产、按需分配。
易错点
- 第12题C选项 wealthy supervision 偷换了原文的 healthy supervision
- 第15题注意最后一句是充分必要条件，C比A、B更完整
🔄 举一反三
- What are the two main causes of poverty according to the passage?
查看练习答案与解析
答案：①Improper distribution of resources (hindered human services); ②Unproductive consumption (waste).解析： 第二段讲分配问题，第三段讲浪费问题，两者共同导致贫困。
- What role do monopolies play according to the author?
查看练习答案与解析
答案：They are selfish and profit-driven, but they teach us the importance of cooperation, which can eventually help solve the problem when they become public property.解析： 垄断虽然自私，但教会我们合作的重要性，最终变为公共财产后有助于解决问题。
四、翻译（本大题共1题，共15分）
"中国制造"指在中国制造的商品所附的标签。由于中国有丰富的劳动力资源和原材料资源等优势，中国制造的产品物美价廉，受到世界各国的欢迎。中国的制造业迅速发展，"中国制造"已经成为一个在全球广受认可的标签。目前中国已经成为世界制造业的中心，被称为"世界工厂"。尽管全球大量的电子产品和鞋都是中国制造，但这些产品的设计都是在欧美国家完成的，如今越来越多的中国公司致力于开创自己的品牌。希望实现从"中国制造"到"中国设计"的转变。
查看答案与解析
参考译文：
"Made in China" refers to the label attached to products manufactured in China. Thanks to China's advantages such as abundant labor resources and raw material resources, products made in China are of good quality and affordable, and are well received by countries all over the world. With the rapid development of China's manufacturing industry, "Made in China" has become a widely recognized label globally. At present, China has become the center of world manufacturing and is known as the "world factory." Although a large number of electronic products and shoes worldwide are made in China, the designs of these products are completed in European and American countries. Nowadays, more and more Chinese companies are devoted to creating their own brands, hoping to achieve the transformation from "Made in China" to "Designed in China."
解析：
- "中国制造"：Made in China，固定译法。
- "物美价廉"：of good quality and affordable，也可译为 cheap and fine。
- "受到……欢迎"：be well received by 或 be popular among。
- "广受认可"：widely recognized。
- "世界工厂"：world factory，固定译法。
- "致力于"：be devoted to doing 或 commit to doing。
- "从……到……的转变"：the transformation from...to...。
难度： ⭐⭐⭐ 考点： #汉译英 #说明类翻译 #专有名词 #固定表达
💡 学习锦囊
📖 相关公式与知识点：
- Made in China — 中国制造（固定译法）
- be well received by — 受到……欢迎
- be devoted to doing — 致力于
- transformation from A to B — 从A到B的转变
- abundant — 丰富的
思路分析
说明类翻译要点：①专有名词用固定译法（如 Made in China）；②四字成语拆译（物美价廉 → good quality and affordable）；③注意时态一致性。
易错点
- "物美价廉"不要直译为 beautiful and cheap
- "致力于"后接动名词 doing，不是 to do
- "中国设计"译为 Designed in China，与 Made in China 对应
🔄 举一反三
- 中国以丰富的旅游资源而闻名于世。
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参考译文： China is famous around the world for its abundant tourism resources. 解析： be famous for — 以……闻名，abundant — 丰富的。
- 越来越多的年轻人致力于环保事业。
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参考译文： More and more young people are devoted to environmental protection. 解析： be devoted to — 致力于，后接名词或动名词。
五、写作（本大题共1题，共15分）
建议你在30分钟内，根据下面所给的提纲用英语写出一篇不少于80词的短文。
你的一位外国朋友给你来信，打算到中国旅游。你给他回信，提出旅游建议。你的回信应包括下列内容：
- 接到朋友的来信；
- 你对旅游的安排计划及理由；
- 表达你希望见到朋友的心愿。
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参考范文：
Dear Tom,
I was so glad to receive your letter and learn that you are planning to visit China. It has been a long time since we last met, and I am thrilled at the prospect of seeing you again.
As for your travel plan, I would suggest you visit Beijing first. The Great Wall and the Forbidden City are must-see attractions that represent China's long history and splendid culture. After that, you could go to Xi'an to see the Terracotta Warriors, which is one of the greatest archaeological discoveries in the world. These two cities will give you a comprehensive understanding of China's ancient civilization. The best time to visit would be in autumn, when the weather is pleasant and the scenery is beautiful.
I sincerely hope to see you soon and show you around in person. Please let me know your exact schedule so that I can make proper arrangements.
Yours, Li Hua
解析：
- 格式：书信格式，包含称呼（Dear Tom）和落款（Yours, Li Hua）。
- 内容要点：①收到来信 → ②旅游建议及理由 → ③希望见面。
- 语言亮点：
- thrilled at the prospect of — 对……的前景感到兴奋
- must-see attractions — 必看景点
- comprehensive understanding — 全面的了解
- in person — 亲自
难度： ⭐⭐ 考点： #书信写作 #旅游建议 #提纲式作文
💡 学习锦囊
📖 相关公式与知识点：
- 书信格式：Dear + 名字 开头，Yours + 名字 结尾
- be thrilled at — 对……感到兴奋
- must-see — 必看的
- in person — 亲自
- make arrangements — 做安排
思路分析
提纲式写作步骤：①审题，确认三个要点；②每个要点写2-3句；③注意书信格式和连贯性；④控制在80-120词。
易错点
- 书信格式不能遗漏称呼和落款
- 每个提纲要点都必须覆盖，不能遗漏
- 时态以现在时和将来时为主
🔄 举一反三
- Write a reply to a friend who wants to visit your city. Include: (1) welcome; (2) suggested attractions; (3) your availability.
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参考范文： Dear Sarah, I'm delighted to hear you're planning to visit Shanghai! You're welcome to stay at my place during your visit. I recommend starting with the Bund, where you can enjoy the stunning skyline. Then visit Yu Garden for traditional Chinese architecture and local snacks. If time permits, a day trip to Zhujiajiao water town would be unforgettable. I'll be free next month, so please let me know your dates. I can't wait to see you! Yours, Wang Ming 解析： 覆盖三个要点，语言简洁，格式正确。