Appearance
《大学英语》期末试卷(精选09)
I. Vocabulary (8 points)
Direction: Find the correct definition from Column B for the words in Column A, and write the answer on the Answer Sheet.
Column A (1-4):
- glimpse
- persevere
- preserve
- process
Column B (1-4):
A. a particular course of action intended to achieve a result B. to continue steadily and with determination in spite of difficulties C. to keep sth./sb. alive, or safe from danger or harm D. to see sb./sth. for a short moment, but not very clearly
Column A (5-8):
- submerge
- fracture
- blanket
- location
Column B (5-8):
A. to break or crack B. a large cover, often made of wool, used esp. on beds to keep people warm C. to go below the surface of the sea or a river or lake D. a place or a position
查看答案与解析
答案：1-D 2-B 3-C 4-A 5-C 6-A 7-B 8-D
解析：
1. glimpse → D：glimpse 意为"一瞥、瞥见"，对应"短暂地看到"。
2. persevere → B：persevere 意为"坚持不懈"，对应"尽管困难仍坚定地继续"。
3. preserve → C：preserve 意为"保存、保护"，对应"使某物/某人存活或免受危险"。
4. process → A：process 作名词意为"过程、流程"，对应"旨在达成结果的特定行动过程"。
5. submerge → C：submerge 意为"淹没、潜入水中"，对应"沉入海或河的表面之下"。
6. fracture → A：fracture 意为"断裂、破裂"，对应"折断或破裂"。
7. blanket → B：blanket 意为"毯子"，对应"通常由羊毛制成的大覆盖物"。
8. location → D：location 意为"位置、地点"，对应"一个地方或位置"。
难度： ⭐ 考点： #词汇匹配 #词义理解
💡 学习锦囊
📖 相关公式与知识点：
- glimpse vs glance：glimpse 强调"无意中瞥见"，glance 强调"有意地快速看一眼"
- preserve vs conserve：preserve 侧重"保持原样"，conserve 侧重"节约使用"
- fracture 可作名词和动词，医学上常指"骨折"
思路分析
词义匹配题技巧：先回忆单词的基本含义，再与选项逐一比对。注意区分近义词的细微差别。
易错点
- process 作名词时是"过程"，作动词时是"处理"，注意区分
- fracture 不要与 fraction（分数、小部分）混淆
🔄 举一反三
- Match: conserve → ?
查看练习答案与解析
答案：to use sth. carefully and avoid wasting it解析： conserve 侧重"节约使用、保护资源"。
- Match: glance → ?
查看练习答案与解析
答案：to look at sth. quickly解析： glance 强调"有意地快速看一眼"，与 glimpse（无意瞥见）不同。
II. Multiple Choices (22 points)
Direction: In the following sentences, there is only one choice in A, B, C, D that is proper for the blank, choose the right one and write the answer on the Answer Sheet.
He threw back the covers and sat up on the edge of his bed, his feet ______ along the cold floor for his slippers, the telephone insistently ______ a little distance away.
- A. groping, ring
- B. groping, ringing
- C. grope, ring
- D. grope, ringing
He rushed to the station only to miss the train ______.
- A. all the way
- B. in the way
- C. by the way
- D. on the way
During the war, the two countries ______ their relation.
- A. break off
- B. break down
- C. broke off
- D. broke down
He reached his hand slowly in his pocket ______ he felt the gun which he always carried with him.
- A. until
- B. before
- C. as long as
- D. while
Harvey, who had a wife called Lucy, and a son, Alfred, worked extremely hard, for he was ambitious and wanted a ______.
- A. money
- B. job
- C. promotion
- D. family
a. The criminal made his ______ in disguise. b. The soldier ______ from the enemy's prison.
- A. escaped, escape
- B. escape, escaped
- C. escaping, escape
- D. escape, escape
The thief ______ the police caught this morning was taken to the police station, ______ he proceeded to make a full confession.
- A. whom, when
- B. when, where
- C. whom, where
- D. which, where
She had heard of ______ foolish old man marrying his housekeeper in the month of May.
- A. many
- B. many a
- C. a lot of
- D. lots of
Some university graduates resort to a ______ consultant for an appropriate job.
- A. vacation
- B. vocation
- C. vagrant
- D. valuation
You can't appreciate happiness ______ you have known sadness too.
- A. until
- B. when
- C. unless
- D. as
A children's ski school ______ is in this city recently.
- A. set up
- B. set out
- C. put up
- D. put down
Don't believe what Jack said. He ______ the whole story.
- A. make up
- B. made up
- C. make out
- D. made out
We can't go out to play tennis in such ______ weather.
- A. awed
- B. awesome
- C. awful
- D. good
Doctor Benson started the car quickly, and the wind ______ the door.
- A. speak
- B. slam
- C. slammed
- D. spoke
I ______ after having labored hard at my work for a whole night.
- A. was exhausting
- B. was exhausted
- C. exhausted
- D. exhausting
She ______ with embarrassment at the memory of the conversation.
- A. blush
- B. bliss
- C. blessed
- D. blushed
"Remember to ______ the gas before you leave the house", Mother told John when she went to work.
- A. shut off
- B. shut
- C. shut down
- D. shut out
______ getting on in age, he still walks for 20 kilometers every day.
- A. As soon as
- B. Although
- C. When
- D. Still
With so many eyes ______ on him, he was too nervous to speak.
- A. fixed
- B. fixing
- C. being fixed
- D. to fix
Sally worked late in the evening to finish her report ______ her boss could read it first next morning.
- A. so that
- B. because
- C. before
- D. now that
Visitors were ______ at the ______ pictures that the guide showed.
- A. amazed, amazing
- B. amazed, amazed
- C. amazing, amazing
- D. amazing, amazed
It's very kind ______ you to help me ______ my English.
- A. of, at
- B. to, with
- C. of, with
- D. for, at
查看答案与解析
答案：9. B 10. A 11. C 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. C 16. B 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. B 21. C 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. A 29. A 30. C
解析：
第9题：B — 独立主格结构。his feet 与 groping 构成主动关系；the telephone 与 ringing 构成主动关系，表示电话正在响。
第10题：A — all the way 意为"一路、全程"，rushed all the way 表示"一路冲到车站"。
第11题：C — break off 意为"中断关系"，时态为过去时 broke off。
第12题：A — until 意为"直到"，他慢慢伸手直到摸到枪。
第13题：C — promotion 意为"晋升"，与 ambitious（有野心的）搭配合理。
第14题：B — make one's escape（逃跑）中 escape 是名词；escape from 中 escape 是动词过去式。
第15题：C — 先行词 the thief 是人，用 whom；where 引导定语从句修饰 police station。
第16题：B — many a + 单数名词 意为"许多"，后接单数形式，与 foolish old man 一致。
第17题：B — vocation 意为"职业"，vocational consultant 即职业顾问。
第18题：C — unless 意为"除非"，除非你经历过悲伤，否则无法体会幸福。
第19题：A — set up 意为"建立、设立"，与 recently 搭配。
第20题：B — made up 意为"编造"，过去时。
第21题：C — awful 意为"糟糕的"，与 can't go out 搭配。
第22题：C — slammed 意为"砰地关上"，过去时，风把门砰地关上。
第23题：B — was exhausted 意为"筋疲力尽"，表示主语的状态。
第24题：D — blushed 意为"脸红"，过去时。
第25题：A — shut off 意为"关闭（煤气/电源等）"。
第26题：B — Although 引导让步状语从句，"尽管年事已高"。
第27题：A — eyes fixed on him 中 fix 与 eyes 是被动关系（目光被固定），用过去分词。
第28题：A — so that 引导目的状语从句，"为了老板第二天早上能先看"。
第29题：A — amazed 修饰人（感到惊讶的），amazing 修饰物（令人惊叹的）。
第30题：C — It's kind of sb. to do sth. 是固定句型；help sb. with sth. 也是固定搭配。
难度： ⭐⭐ 考点： #独立主格 #动词时态 #定语从句 #词义辨析 #固定搭配
💡 学习锦囊
📖 相关公式与知识点：
- 独立主格：名词/代词 + 分词（主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词）
- many a + 单数名词 — 许多（谓语用单数）
- amazed（人感到惊讶）vs amazing（令人惊叹的）
- It's kind of sb. to do sth. — 某人做某事真好
思路分析
选择题解题步骤：①判断考点（语法/词汇/搭配）；②排除明显错误选项；③在剩余选项中结合语境选择最佳答案。
易错点
- 第9题独立主格结构中，feet 与 grope 是主动关系，用现在分词
- 第16题 many a 后接单数名词，不要误选 many
- 第29题 -ed 形容词修饰人，-ing 形容词修饰物
🔄 举一反三
- The boy stood there, his eyes ______ (fix) on the screen.
查看练习答案与解析
答案：fixed解析： 独立主格中 eyes 与 fix 是被动关系（目光被固定），用过去分词。
- She was ______ (bore) with the ______ (bore) lecture.
查看练习答案与解析
答案：bored, boring解析： bored 修饰人（感到无聊），boring 修饰物（令人无聊的）。
III. Vocabulary and Grammar (10 points)
Directions: Use the proper forms of the words given in the brackets to complete the statements.
- The way he puts on that accent really ______ (irritated) me.
- There are ______ (approximate) 10 thousand people living in the town.
- He reached his decision after a good deal of ______ (contemplate).
- In the story the smugglers had no ______ (intend) to kill Harvey.
- The patient lost ______ (conscious) at 5 o'clock and died a few hours later.
- His ______ (widow) father lives in the countryside.
- He lay on the grass, his head ______ (pillow) on his arms.
- This small hotel provides board and ______ (lodge).
- We can use computers to do a lot of things, such as word ______ (process).
- They were in a state of ______ (panicky) after the earthquake.
查看答案与解析
答案：31. irritates 32. approximately 33. contemplation 34. intention 35. consciousness 36. widowed 37. pillowed 38. lodging 39. processing 40. panic
解析：
31. irritates：irritate 意为"激怒"，主语 the way 为单数，用第三人称单数形式。注意原题括号中给的是 irritated（过去式/形容词），但此处需要动词原形变单三。
32. approximately：修饰数字 10 thousand，需用副词形式。
33. contemplation：a good deal of 后接名词，contemplate 的名词为 contemplation。
34. intention：no 后接名词，intend 的名词为 intention。
35. consciousness：lose 后接名词，conscious 的名词为 consciousness（意识）。
36. widowed：修饰 father，意为"丧偶的"，用过去分词作形容词。
37. pillowed：独立主格结构，head 与 pillow 是被动关系，用过去分词。
38. lodging：board and lodging 是固定搭配，意为"食宿"。
39. processing：word processing 是固定搭配，意为"文字处理"。
40. panic：a state of panic 是固定搭配，意为"恐慌状态"。
难度： ⭐⭐ 考点： #词形变换 #名词后缀 #固定搭配
💡 学习锦囊
📖 相关公式与知识点：
- contemplate → contemplation（名词）
- intend → intention（名词）
- conscious → consciousness（名词）
- board and lodging — 食宿（固定搭配）
- word processing — 文字处理（固定搭配）
思路分析
词形变换题步骤：①判断空在句中的成分（主语/宾语/定语/状语）；②确定所需词性；③写出正确的词形变化。
易错点
- 第31题注意 the way 是单数主语，动词用 irritates 而非 irritate
- 第37题 pillowed 作过去分词表示"枕在……上"
- 第40题 panicky 是形容词，此处需要名词 panic
🔄 举一反三
- He made his ______ (decide) after much ______ (deliberate).
查看练习答案与解析
答案：decision, deliberation解析： decide → decision，deliberate → deliberation，均变为名词。
- The ______ (injure) were taken to hospital immediately.
查看练习答案与解析
答案：injured解析： the injured 表示"伤者"，定冠词 + 形容词表示一类人。
IV. Errors (20 points)
Directions: Identify the only error in each sentence and correct it.
- On Sunday morning, I quarreled with my brother for the trick that had played on me. (A-B-C-D)
- If Harvey had been thrown over the cliff by the smugglers his wife and son would lead a miserable life. (A-B-C)
- Can you see the person walking along the road ahead our car? (A-B-D)
- After walking for two hours, they finally came to a deserting farmhouse. (A-B-C-D)
- They heard a loud gun shot abrupt and ran out to see what had happened. (A-D)
- This imitate of the western lifestyle is dragging the Chinese youngsters and urban businessmen and women down the path of divorce. (A-C-D)
- Statistics show that children from single-parent families are more likely to be involved in violence, drug abuses, and youth suicide, but have more mental and physical illness. (A-B-C-D)
- A major part of women's equality in marriage has been due to the fact that, in most cases, men have remained the breadwinners. (B-C)
- Bob could have come back from his business trip because Mary told me she had seen him yesterday evening. (A-B-C-D)
- My son just doesn't eat vegetables and there is nothing which I can do about it. (A-B-C-D)
查看答案与解析
答案与解析：
41. had → had been：that 引导的定语从句中，trick 与 play 是被动关系（把戏被施加在我身上），需用过去完成时的被动语态 had been played。
42. lead → would have led：虚拟条件句，if 从句用了过去完成时（had been thrown），主句应用 would have + 过去分词。
43. ahead → ahead of：ahead of 是固定搭配，意为"在……前面"。
44. deserting → deserted：deserted 意为"废弃的"，过去分词作形容词修饰 farmhouse。
45. abrupt → abruptly：修饰动词 heard，需用副词形式 abruptly。
46. imitate → imitation：此处需要名词作主语，imitation 意为"模仿"。
47. abuses → abuse：drug abuse 作为不可数名词短语使用，表示"药物滥用"。
48. remained → remain：此处应用一般现在时 remain，表示"仍然是"这个持续的状态。
49. yesterday → the previous：间接引语中，yesterday 应改为 the previous day 或 the day before。
50. which → that：nothing 是不定代词，其后的定语从句关系代词只能用 that，不能用 which。
难度： ⭐⭐⭐ 考点： #被动语态 #虚拟语气 #词性误用 #定语从句
💡 学习锦囊
📖 相关公式与知识点：
- 虚拟语气：If + had done, would have done（对过去的虚拟）
- 不定代词（nothing, everything, anything）后的定语从句用 that
- deserted（废弃的）vs deserting（遗弃的，主动含义）
- 间接引语中时间词需转换：yesterday → the previous day
思路分析
改错题解题步骤：①通读全句理解句意；②逐个标记处检查语法（时态/语态/词性/搭配）；③确认只有一处错误后改正。
易错点
- 第42题虚拟语气主句易漏写 have
- 第50题不定代词后只能用 that，不能用 which
- 第44题 deserted 是"被废弃的"，deserting 是"正在遗弃的"
🔄 举一反三
- If I had studied harder, I would ______ (pass) the exam.
查看练习答案与解析
答案：have passed解析： 虚拟语气对过去的假设，主句用 would have + 过去分词。
- There is nothing ______ I can do to help.
查看练习答案与解析
答案：that解析： 不定代词 nothing 后的定语从句只能用 that。
V. Reading Comprehension (30 points)
Passage One
Tragedy, sudden and terrible, has again struck an American school: fifteen lives were lost and a city and a nation left with scars that cannot be removed. Because guns and explosives were used to cause the mayhem, the immediate outcry is for gun control laws.
Most likely the shotguns and even the one-hand guns used were legally purchased and registered, and probably the guns were the property of the fathers of the boys who used them. Shotguns are the most common guns used in the sport of hunting small game animals and birds.
The possibility of passing laws forbidding sportsmen from owning shotguns would be very slight. There would be intense opposition to such laws. On the other hand, laws forbidding handguns have a greater chance of enactment. But then the familiar saying would become fact, "When guns are outlawed, only outlaws will have guns."
Many crimes in America are committed by people using guns. Most of these people have a record of criminal offenses. By law these criminals are not allowed to purchase or own guns. Do they care? No. They do not obey laws and find other ways to get guns.
The problem is a people problem, not just a gun problem. In America, we have become a nation that has largely rejected the traditional rules and ethics of Western society that have helped it become a society of progress and the rule of law.
Behind societies ruled by law — maybe in the shadows, but still there — was the ominous feeling that over us all was a higher law that man is ultimately answerable to. Man's laws were therefore supposed to be an extension of this law.
Modern society has moved beyond this concept to a very self-centered concept of "I am my own law". There is no more black and white or absolute right or wrong. No higher law determines it; we decide individually. What seems right and feels right for me is therefore "right". Also, what is "right" in one situation may be "wrong" in another, and what is "wrong" for you may be "right" for me. This concept is called moral relativism. Depending upon circumstances and how we feel about an action, it becomes right or wrong for us.
What brought about the outcry for gun control laws in America?
- A. High murder rates and acute social tension.
- B. The sports of hunting small game animals and birds.
- C. The tragedy caused by guns which happened in a school.
- D. The purpose of forbidding sportsmen from owning shotguns.
The word "outlawed" (Line 4, Para 3) most probably means "______".
- A. declared a criminal
- B. declared unlawful
- C. out of the law control
- D. criminals having not been caught
According to the author, gun control laws ______.
- A. could not help to catch the outlaws
- B. are the essentials to reduce murder rates
- C. could prevent criminals from getting guns
- D. could only control the people abiding by laws
The author thinks that the traditional rules and ethics of western society ______.
- A. are the main causes of the present social problems
- B. have largely been rejected, but should be found back
- C. have helped America in the past, but are out of date today
- D. could catch up with today's world moving at a furious pace
According to moral relativism, absolute truth ______.
- A. does not exist
- B. means moral conviction
- C. means the truth defined by individuals
- D. means the truth accepted by most people
查看答案与解析
答案：51. C 52. B 53. D 54. B 55. A
解析：
第51题：C — 第一段明确说 Because guns and explosives were used to cause the mayhem, the immediate outcry is for gun control laws，校园枪击惨案引发了对枪支管控的呼吁。
第52题：B — outlawed 意为"被宣布为非法"，out- 前缀 + law = 超出法律/违法。
第53题：D — 第四段指出罪犯不遵守法律，会通过其他途径获取枪支，说明枪支管控法只能约束守法的人。
第54题：B — 第五段说美国 largely rejected the traditional rules and ethics，而作者认为这是问题的根源，暗示应重新找回传统价值观。
第55题：A — 最后一段描述道德相对主义：没有绝对的黑白对错，每个人自己决定什么是对的，意味着绝对真理不存在。
难度： ⭐⭐⭐ 考点： #议论文阅读 #词义猜测 #作者态度 #推断判断
💡 学习锦囊
📖 相关公式与知识点：
- outcry — 强烈抗议
- mayhem — 极度混乱、大破坏
- moral relativism — 道德相对主义
- answerable to — 对……负责
思路分析
议论文阅读要抓住作者的核心论点。本文论点是：枪支问题本质是人的问题（道德滑坡），而非单纯的法律问题。理解这一点有助于回答所有题目。
易错点
- 第53题易误选A，但文章说的是枪支法只能约束守法者，而非"不能帮助抓罪犯"
- 第55题注意 moral relativism 否定绝对真理的存在
🔄 举一反三
- What is the author's implied solution to the gun problem?
查看练习答案与解析
答案：Restoring traditional moral values and ethics in society.解析： 作者认为问题在于道德滑坡，暗示需要回归传统价值观。
- Explain the saying "When guns are outlawed, only outlaws will have guns."
查看练习答案与解析
答案：If guns are made illegal, only criminals (who don't obey laws) will still have guns, while law-abiding citizens will be defenseless.解析： 这句话说明枪支管控法的悖论——守法者交出武器，违法者不会。
Passage Two
How to make a good impression during an interview? There are a number of things you should remember to do. There are also many things that you should remember not to do. If you are asked a question, do your best to answer it if possible. If you don't know the answer, it is acceptable to say you don't know. Saying you don't know something is more admirable than continuously repeating yourself and ending up not saying anything substantial at all. It is also very important to ask questions. A lot of interviewees expect that the interviewer will take control of the interview and ask all the questions and decide without their input. This is wrong. If you show that you are interested in the company and the position by asking questions, the interviewer will be much more willing to hire you than if you simply passively answer his or her questions.
Some things that will give the interviewer a bad impression are as follows:
(1) dressing improperly; (2) lying in your answers or on your resume; and (3) insufficient preparation.
Also, try to be confident and consistent during the whole interview. One of the most important times in an interview is the end. Remember to thank the person for their time and, if you are interested in the position, say so.
If you don't know how to answer a question during an interview, ______.
- A. it is acceptable for you to admit it
- B. it is necessary to say something else
- C. you may continue to introduce yourself
- D. you may repeat what you have said
Which of the following statements is true?
- A. You must end up with an interview not saying anything substantial.
- B. You must say something that is interesting to you.
- C. You must answer questions as much as possible.
- D. You must try to show that you understand everything.
The short phrase "without their input" (Line 7, Para. 1) probably means ______.
- A. without any information asked by the interviewers
- B. without questions asked by the interviewees
- C. without questions from the interviewees
- D. without any information from the interviewers
What kind of candidates would have few opportunities to be hired?
- A. Those who admit that they don't know something.
- B. Those who simply answer questions passively.
- C. Those who show their interest in the company.
- D. Those who show their confidence in themselves.
The author of this passage reminds you that ______.
- A. you should remember what is the most important thing
- B. you should dress yourself in a fashionable way
- C. you should explain your resume in a complete way
- D. you should express yourself clearly and directly
查看答案与解析
答案：56. A 57. C 58. C 59. B 60. A
解析：
第56题：A — 文中说 it is acceptable to say you don't know，承认不知道是可以接受的。
第57题：C — 文中建议 do your best to answer it if possible，即尽可能回答问题。
第58题：C — without their input 指面试者没有提供自己的意见或问题，即没有来自面试者的提问。
第59题：B — 文中说 simply passively answer his or her questions 的人不如主动提问的人受青睐。
第60题：A — 文章最后强调 One of the most important times in an interview is the end，提醒读者记住最重要的事。
难度： ⭐⭐ 考点： #实用文体阅读 #细节理解 #短语理解
💡 学习锦囊
📖 相关公式与知识点：
- make a good impression — 留下好印象
- substantial — 有实质内容的
- passively — 被动地
- insufficient preparation — 准备不足
思路分析
实用类文章阅读重点在于提取建议要点。本文给出面试建议：①诚实回答；②主动提问；③穿着得体；④充分准备；⑤保持自信；⑥结束时致谢。
易错点
- 第57题A、B、D都过于绝对（must），与原文语气不符
- 第58题 input 在此指"意见、建议"，不是"信息"
🔄 举一反三
- What should you do at the end of an interview according to the passage?
查看练习答案与解析
答案：Thank the interviewer for their time and express your interest in the position if applicable.解析： 最后一段明确给出了建议。
- Why is it important to ask questions during an interview?
查看练习答案与解析
答案：Because it shows your interest in the company and the position, making the interviewer more willing to hire you.解析： 第一段解释了主动提问的重要性。
Passage Three
The night is not what it was. Once, the Earth was cast perpetually half in shadow. Man and beast slept beneath inky skies, dotted with glittering stars. Then came fire, candle, and the light bulb, gradually drawing back the curtain of darkness and giving us unprecedented control over our lives.
But a brighter world, as is becoming increasingly clear, has its drawbacks. A study released last week finding that breast cancer is nearly twice as common in brightly-lit communities as in dark ones only added to a growing body of evidence that artificial light threatens public health, wildlife, and possibly even safety.
Those findings are all the more troubling considering that an estimated 30 percent of outdoor lighting — plus even some indoor lighting — is wasted. Ill-conceived, ineffective, inefficient lighting costs U.S. about $10.4 billion a year, according to Bob Gent of the International Dark-Sky Association, a nonprofit that aims to control light pollution, and generates 38 million tons of carbon dioxide a year.
Motivated by such trends, more than two dozen cities worldwide will go dim on March 29 in an hour-long demonstration. According to the World Wildlife Fund, which is organizing the event, an estimated 2.2 million Australians switched off their lights or took other action during "Earth Hour" last year in Sydney, briefly reducing that city's energy use by more than 10 percent.
A number of groups are trying to measure light pollution and assess its detrimental effects on the environment in the hope that people will reduce their own contribution to the problem. Last week, as part of an annual program called GLOBE at Night, thousands of students and amateur scientists stared up at the constellation Orion from locations across the country and reported how many of its stars they could see. No data are yet available, but in dark, rural areas, says Gent, about 2,000 stars are typically visible at night, compared with "maybe five" in a bright city square — and about 5,000 in centuries past.
People who are working while others are stargazing may face the greatest risks. Nighttime exposure to white light can fuel the growth of tumors, experiments show. Two decades of research indicates that women who work night shifts have unusually high rates of breast cancer.
The word "drawback" (Line 1, Para 2) probably means ______.
- A. benefits
- B. interests
- C. effects
- D. problems
What can be learned from the third paragraph?
- A. The study revealed last week causes lots of trouble.
- B. Indoor lighting costs U.S. more than outdoor lighting.
- C. The organization where Bob Gent works makes efforts to reduce light pollution.
- D. The International Dark-Sky Association strongly opposes outdoor lighting service.
What will people in some cities do on March 29 according to the passage?
- A. They will turn out some lights for an hour.
- B. They will organize an event to have some fun.
- C. They will hold a demonstration which will last for an hour.
- D. They will gather together and count how many stars they can see.
Scientists counted the number of stars in order to ______.
- A. illustrate the impact of light pollution
- B. compare air quality in different areas
- C. see how the sky has changed with time
- D. arouse public interest in space
What disadvantages do people have if working at night?
- A. They lose the chance to gaze at stars.
- B. They have a higher risk of health problems.
- C. They have less exposure to white light.
- D. They are to blame for light pollution.
查看答案与解析
答案：61. D 62. C 63. A 64. A 65. B
解析：
第61题：D — drawback 意为"缺点、弊端"，与 problems 同义。前文说更明亮的世界有 drawbacks，后文列举了健康威胁等弊端。
第62题：C — 第三段提到 the International Dark-Sky Association, a nonprofit that aims to control light pollution，说明该组织致力于减少光污染。
第63题：A — 第四段说 more than two dozen cities worldwide will go dim on March 29 in an hour-long demonstration，即熄灯一小时。
第64题：A — 第五段说 trying to measure light pollution and assess its detrimental effects，数星星是为了衡量光污染的影响。
第65题：B — 最后一段说 women who work night shifts have unusually high rates of breast cancer，夜班工作者面临更高的健康风险。
难度： ⭐⭐⭐ 考点： #科普阅读 #词义猜测 #细节推断 #因果分析
💡 学习锦囊
📖 相关公式与知识点：
- drawback — 缺点、弊端
- detrimental — 有害的
- stargaze — 观星
- go dim — 变暗（指熄灯）
思路分析
科普类文章结构：①现象描述（夜晚不再黑暗）；②问题揭示（光污染的危害）；③数据支撑（30%照明浪费、乳腺癌发病率）；④应对措施（地球一小时、观星活动）。
易错点
- 第62题A选项偷换概念，研究本身不"引起麻烦"，而是揭示问题
- 第63题C选项 demonstration 在此是"示范活动"而非"抗议示威"
🔄 举一反三
- What is the main idea of this passage?
查看练习答案与解析
答案：Artificial light pollution threatens public health, wastes energy, and efforts are being made to measure and reduce its impact.解析： 全文围绕光污染的危害和应对措施展开。
- Why were students asked to count stars in the constellation Orion?
查看练习答案与解析
答案：To measure the level of light pollution by comparing how many stars are visible in different areas.解析： 能看到的星星越少，说明光污染越严重。
VI. Translation (10 points)
Directions: Translate the following passage into English.
前天汤姆在沿着通往山上的路散步。突然他听到有人呼救，然后他看到前面有辆车。车已经翻倒了，一个人被困在里面。他急忙上前帮忙。那个人看到有人来救他，松了口气。汤姆努力打开了车门，让那个人爬了出来。他们拦了一辆出租车，司机把他们一路送到了医院。
查看答案与解析
参考译文：
The day before yesterday, Tom was walking along the road leading up the mountain. Suddenly he heard someone calling for help, and then he saw a car ahead. The car had overturned and a man was trapped inside. He hurried forward to help. The man was relieved to see someone coming to rescue him. Tom managed to open the car door and let the man climb out. They hailed a taxi, and the driver took them all the way to the hospital.
解析：
- "前天"：the day before yesterday，注意不要译为 yesterday。
- "沿着通往山上的路散步"：walking along the road leading up the mountain，用现在分词 leading 作后置定语。
- "呼救"：calling for help，固定表达。
- "翻倒了"：had overturned，用过去完成时表示在"看到"之前已经翻倒。
- "被困在里面"：was trapped inside，被动语态。
- "松了口气"：was relieved，比 breathed a sigh of relief 更简洁。
- "努力打开了"：managed to open，manage to do 表示"设法做成某事"。
- "拦了一辆出租车"：hailed a taxi，hail 是"招呼（出租车）"的地道用法。
- "一路送到"：took them all the way to，all the way 强调全程。
难度： ⭐⭐⭐ 考点： #汉译英 #叙事类翻译 #时态选择 #被动语态
💡 学习锦囊
📖 相关公式与知识点：
- call for help — 呼救
- be trapped — 被困
- be relieved — 松了口气
- manage to do — 设法做成
- hail a taxi — 拦出租车
思路分析
叙事类翻译要点：①确定时态主线（过去时）；②注意动作先后顺序（翻倒在先→看到在后，用过去完成时）；③中文短句多，英文需适当合并。
易错点
- "翻倒了"发生在"看到"之前，需用过去完成时 had overturned
- "拦出租车"不要译为 stop a taxi，hail a taxi 更地道
- "松了口气"不要直译为 loosed his breath
🔄 举一反三
- 他听到有人敲门，急忙跑去开门。
查看练习答案与解析
参考译文： He heard someone knocking at the door and hurried to open it. 解析： knock at the door 是固定搭配，hurry to do 表示"急忙去做"。
- 消防员设法救出了被困在楼里的所有人。
查看练习答案与解析
参考译文： The firefighters managed to rescue all the people trapped in the building. 解析： manage to rescue 表示"设法救出"，trapped in the building 作后置定语。