《大学英语》期末试卷(精选08)

一、阅读判断（第1~10题，每题1分，共10分）

下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。

American High School

Have you ever wondered what an American high school is really like? This article will describe a typical high school and its students.

A typical American high school has several large buildings and enough space for about 1,500 students. Every student is given a locker. When students first arrive at school, they go straight to their lockers to put away or get their textbooks and to hang up their outdoor clothes. As American textbooks are expensive, students would rather loan (租借) than buy them. Students must pay back if they lose any of them.

American students have different types of school transport. They usually take a yellow school bus or walk to school if they live close enough. Sometimes their parents drive them to school. When they turn 16 years of age, most take a free driving class at school for one term. If students earn passing grades in the class and also pass their state's driver's exam, they can begin driving themselves to school.

Each day, students take six or seven classes. They must take science, math, English and social studies. They can choose art, homemaking, fashion design and other classes. In some schools, students are required to take one or more of the following special classes: health education, physical education or foreign language studies. Students move to different classrooms for each subject. This is because each teacher has their own classroom. There is a five-minute break between classes, to give the students the time to hurry to their next class.

The regular school day usually ends early in the afternoon. After school, more than a half of the students are involved in after-school activities. These activities include sports — especially football, basketball and soccer or clubs, such as yearbook, speech, school newspaper, photograph or student government.

1. A typical American high school has only one large building but with enough space.

   • A. True
   • B. False
   • C. Not Given

2. Students can put away or get their textbooks in their lockers.

   • A. True
   • B. False
   • C. Not Given

3. All students buy their textbooks by themselves at the start of a new term.

   • A. True
   • B. False
   • C. Not Given

4. Students like taking the school bus to go to school.

   • A. True
   • B. False
   • C. Not Given

5. Students are not allowed to drive to school before 18 years old.

   • A. True
   • B. False
   • C. Not Given

6. Students take seven classes at most everyday.

   • A. True
   • B. False
   • C. Not Given

7. Students go to different classrooms to take different subjects.

   • A. True
   • B. False
   • C. Not Given

8. Each teacher has their own office in the school.

   • A. True
   • B. False
   • C. Not Given

9. The class break between two classes is 10 minutes long.

   • A. True
   • B. False
   • C. Not Given

10. Many students go to take part in after-school activities after school.

    • A. True
    • B. False
    • C. Not Given

查看答案与解析

答案：1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. A

解析：

第1题：B (False) — 文中说 several large buildings（多栋大楼），而非 only one。

第2题：A (True) — 文中明确说 go straight to their lockers to put away or get their textbooks。

第3题：B (False) — 文中说 students would rather loan than buy them（学生宁愿租借而非购买）。

第4题：C (Not Given) — 文中只提到学生 take a yellow school bus，未提及是否喜欢。

第5题：B (False) — 文中说16岁通过驾考后就可以自己开车上学，而非18岁。

第6题：A (True) — 文中说 six or seven classes，即每天6或7节课，与 at most seven（最多7节）意思一致。

第7题：A (True) — 文中说 Students move to different classrooms for each subject。

第8题：C (Not Given) — 文中只说每个老师有自己的教室（classroom），未提及是否有办公室（office）。

第9题：B (False) — 文中说 a five-minute break，而非10分钟。

第10题：A (True) — 文中说 more than a half of the students are involved in after-school activities。

---

难度： ⭐ 考点： #阅读判断 #细节定位 #True/False/Not Given

💡 学习锦囊

📖 相关公式与知识点：

• would rather...than... — 宁愿……而不愿……
• be involved in — 参与
• loan vs buy — 租借 vs 购买

思路分析

阅读判断题解题关键：①True = 原文明确表述一致；②False = 原文明确表述相反；③Not Given = 原文未提及。注意区分"未提及"和"与原文相反"。

易错点

• 第4题：原文只说坐校车，未说喜欢与否，是 Not Given 而非 False
• 第8题：classroom ≠ office，原文未提办公室，是 Not Given
• 第3题：注意 would rather loan than buy 说明不是购买，是 False

🔄 举一反三

1. 判断：American high school students must buy all their textbooks.
   查看练习答案与解析

   答案：False解析： 原文说学生宁愿租借而非购买，说明并非必须购买。

2. 判断：Students can get a driver's license at school for free at age 16.
   查看练习答案与解析

   答案：False解析： 原文说学校提供免费驾驶课程（free driving class），但驾照需通过州考试获得，并非学校直接发放。

二、阅读选择（第11~15题，每题2分，共10分）

阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出一个最佳选项。

A Writing Class

I was in my third year of teaching writing at Ralph High School in New York, when one of my students, 15-year-old Mike, gave me a note from his mother. It explained his absence from class the day before.

"Dear Mr. McCort, Mike's grandmother, who is eighty years of age, fell down the stairs and I kept Mike at home to take care of her and his baby sister so I could go to my job. Please excuse Mike and he'll do his best in the future. P.S. His grandmother is OK." I had seen Mike writing the note at his desk. I said nothing. Most parental-excuse notes I received were written by my students. The writers of those notes didn't realize that honest excuse notes were usually dull: "Peter was late because the alarm clock didn't go off."

The students always said it was hard putting 200 words together on any subject, but when they produced excuse notes, they were excellent. So I decided to type out a dozen excuse notes and gave them to my classes. I said, "They're supposed to be written by parents, but actually they are not. True, Mike?" The students looked at me nervously.

"Now, this will be the first class to study the art of the excuse note — the first class, ever, to practice writing them." Everyone smiled as I went on, "Today I'd like you to write 'An Excuse Note from Adam to God' or 'An Excuse Note from Eve to God'." Heads went down. Pens raced across paper. For the first time ever I saw students so immersed in their writing.

The next day everyone had excuse notes. But suddenly I saw the headmaster at the door. He entered the classroom, looking at papers, and then said, "I'd like you to see me in my office." When I stepped into his office, he came to shake my hand and said, "I just want to tell you that the lesson was great. Those kids were writing on the college level."

11. Why was Mike absent from class according to the excuse note?

    • A. His clock went wrong.
    • B. He got a bad illness.
    • C. His mother caught a cold.
    • D. He had to look after his grandmother.

12. How did the teacher know that the excuse note was written by Mike?

    • A. Mike told the truth.
    • B. Mike's parents told the truth.
    • C. The excuse note was written in dull words.
    • D. The teacher saw Mike writing the excuse note.

13. The teacher dealt with the not-true excuse note by ______.

    • A. reporting it to the headmaster
    • B. using it as a writing exercise
    • C. visiting the students' family
    • D. throwing it out of the window

14. What did the headmaster think of the author's way of teaching?

    • A. Effective
    • B. Difficult
    • C. Boring
    • D. Surprising

15. We can infer from the passage that ______.

    • A. Mike told a lie
    • B. Mike told the truth
    • C. Mike looked after his grandmother
    • D. Mike helped his mother do housework

查看答案与解析

答案：11. D 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. A

解析：

第11题： 细节题。请假条中写的是 Mike's grandmother...fell down the stairs and I kept Mike at home to take care of her，故选 D。

第12题： 细节题。第二段 I had seen Mike writing the note at his desk 说明老师亲眼看到 Mike 在写假条，故选 D。

第13题： 细节题。老师将假条作为写作练习的素材，让学生学习"假条的艺术"，故选 B。

第14题： 细节题。校长说 the lesson was great 并称赞学生写出了大学水平，说明他认为这种教学方式很有效，故选 A。

第15题： 推断题。老师看到 Mike 自己写假条，说明请假理由是编造的，故选 A。

---

难度： ⭐⭐ 考点： #细节理解 #推断判断 #叙事文阅读

💡 学习锦囊

📖 相关公式与知识点：

• absence from class — 缺课
• be immersed in — 沉浸于、专心于
• on the college level — 大学水平
• parental-excuse notes — 家长请假条

思路分析

叙事类阅读理解要关注：①事件起因（Mike交假条）；②转折（老师发现真相）；③高潮（将假条变为写作课）；④结局（校长认可）。按时间线梳理有助于理解。

易错点

• 第15题易误选C，但请假理由是编造的，Mike 并没有真的照顾祖母
• 第13题易误选A，老师没有主动报告校长，是校长自己来的

🔄 举一反三

1. Why did the teacher decide to use excuse notes as teaching material?
   查看练习答案与解析

   答案：Because he noticed that students wrote excellent excuse notes but struggled with regular writing assignments.解析： 第三段提到学生觉得写200字很难，但写假条却很出色，老师由此获得灵感。

2. What does the story tell us about creative teaching methods?
   查看练习答案与解析

   答案：Creative teaching methods that connect with students' real-life experiences can be highly effective in engaging students and improving their skills.解析： 老师将学生熟悉的事物（假条）转化为教学内容，取得了显著效果。

三、概括段落大意和补全句子（第16~25题，每题1分，共10分）

阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的二项测试任务：（一）从第16~20题后所给的六个选项中为第①~⑤段每段选择一个正确的小标题；（二）从第21~25题后所给的六个选项中选择五个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

Pollution

① With the development of modern agriculture and industry, more and more waste is produced. Much of this waste is harmful. It goes into the water, the soil and the air. Some of it is absorbed and made harmless. But where there is too much of it, the poisonous waste may do great harm to the things around us.

② When farmers add fertilizer to the soil to make plants grow better, or spray poison to kill plant pests, poison is sent into the air, the water and the soil. When birds, fish and people eat the grain, drink the water or breathe the air, harm will be done to their health.

③ The air in big cities is often made very dirty by factories. Millions of tons of waste and poisonous gases are sent into the air with the smoke. In some places, little is done to make the smoke clean before it goes into the air.

④ Oil is burnt in cars, trucks and buses. They produce waste gases almost as harmful as the gases from factories. In big cities during cold winter months, many old people die from the polluted air. In places around big factories, trees and vegetables are often killed by the bad air.

⑤ Another kind of pollution is noise. Very loud noises can make people ill, hurt their ears, or even drive them mad. Houses near airports sometimes have their windows broken by the noise of jet planes passing overhead. Workers in some industries have their hearing harmed by the noise of the machines.

Task 1

16. Paragraph ①: ______
17. Paragraph ②: ______
18. Paragraph ③: ______
19. Paragraph ④: ______
20. Paragraph ⑤: ______

A. Traffic Jam B. Dirty Air in Big Cities C. Harmful Waste D. Noise Pollution E. Soil Pollution F. Air Pollution

Task 2

21. The development of modern agriculture and industry produces ______.
22. Farmers add fertilizer to the soil to ______.
23. Cars, trucks and buses produce waste gases because of ______.
24. In cold winter, many old people in big cities die from ______.
25. The noise of the machines will harm ______.

A. workers' hearing B. the polluted air C. burning oil D. help the growth of plants E. keep people healthy F. more and more waste

查看答案与解析

答案：Task 1：16. C 17. F 18. B 19. F 20. DTask 2：21. F 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. A

解析：

Task 1 — 段落大意：

• 第①段 C：介绍有害废物的产生及其危害，核心词 harmful waste。
• 第②段 F：讲肥料和农药造成空气、水、土壤污染，核心是 air pollution 的来源之一。
• 第③段 B：专门讲大城市工厂造成的空气污染，dirty air in big cities。
• 第④段 F：讲汽车燃烧汽油产生的废气污染空气，仍属 air pollution。
• 第⑤段 D：讲另一种污染——噪音污染，noise pollution。

Task 2 — 补全句子：

• 21. F：第一段首句 more and more waste is produced。
• 22. D：第二段 add fertilizer to the soil to make plants grow better。
• 23. C：第四段 Oil is burnt in cars, trucks and buses。
• 24. B：第四段 many old people die from the polluted air。
• 25. A：第五段 Workers...have their hearing harmed by the noise。

---

难度： ⭐⭐ 考点： #段落大意 #信息匹配 #同义替换

💡 学习锦囊

📖 相关公式与知识点：

• fertilizer — 肥料
• pest — 害虫
• poisonous — 有毒的
• do harm to — 对……造成危害

思路分析

概括段落大意题技巧：①读每段首句和末句（通常包含主题句）；②找出反复出现的关键词；③排除过于宽泛或过于狭窄的选项。

易错点

• 第②段和第④段都涉及空气污染，注意区分：②是农业源，④是交通源
• Task 2 注意选项E (keep people healthy) 是干扰项，文中未提及

🔄 举一反三

1. Match the paragraph: "Factories release millions of tons of poisonous gases into the air."
   查看练习答案与解析

   答案：Paragraph ③解析： 第三段专门讨论工厂废气排放。

2. Complete the sentence: Poison from farms enters the food chain when ______.
   查看练习答案与解析

   答案：birds, fish and people eat the grain, drink the water or breathe the air解析： 第二段最后一句说明了毒物进入食物链的途径。

四、填句补文（第26~30题，每题2分，共10分）

下面的短文有五处空白，短文后有六个句子，其中五个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

Learn Foreign Languages

Karl Marx was born in Germany, and German was his native language. But he had learned some French and English at school. When he got to England, he found that his English was too limited. 26. ______

He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English for an American newspaper. In fact, his English in one of these articles was so good that Engels wrote him a letter and praised him for it. 27. ______ However, he went on to explain that he was not too sure about two things — the grammar and some of the idiom.

In the 1870s, when Marx was already in his fifties, he found it important to study the situation in Russia, so he began to learn Russian. 28. ______

In one of his books, Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language. 29. ______ If they do this, it shows they have not mastered it. When they use the foreign language, they should try to forget all about their own. 30. ______

A. Marx wrote back to say that Engels' praise had greatly encouraged him B. He started working hard to improve English C. After six months, he had learned enough to read newspapers in Russian D. One of the advice is that people should not translate everything into their own language E. So parents should sit down to talk more with their child F. If they cannot forget it, they cannot use it freely

查看答案与解析

答案：26. B 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. F

解析：

26. B：前文说马克思发现英语不够用，后文说他进步很快，中间应是他开始努力学习英语。

27. A：前文说恩格斯写信赞扬他，后文 However, he went on to explain... 说明马克思回信了，故选 A。

28. C：前文说他开始学俄语，后文应交代学习成果——六个月后能读俄语报纸。

29. D：前文说马克思给出了学外语的建议，后文 If they do this 中的 this 指代"不要什么都翻译成母语"。

30. F：前文说 try to forget all about their own，后文自然接"如果忘不掉，就不能自由运用"。

---

难度： ⭐⭐ 考点： #句子还原 #逻辑衔接 #指代关系

💡 学习锦囊

📖 相关公式与知识点：

• make rapid progress — 取得快速进步
• before long — 不久之后
• in one's fifties — 在某人五十多岁时
• master — 掌握

思路分析

填句补文解题技巧：①看空前后的逻辑关系（因果/转折/递进）；②找代词指代（this, it, they 等）；③注意时态和主语的一致性。

易错点

• 第27题易跳过A直接选其他，注意 However 暗示前面有回信的动作
• 选项E是干扰项，全文讲马克思学外语，与"父母和孩子谈话"无关

🔄 举一反三

1. Why did Marx start learning Russian in his fifties?
   查看练习答案与解析

   答案：Because he found it important to study the situation in Russia.解析： 第三段直接给出了原因。

2. What was Marx's key advice on learning a foreign language?
   查看练习答案与解析

   答案：Do not translate everything into your own language; try to think in the foreign language.解析： 最后一段总结了两条建议：不翻译成母语、忘记母语。

五、填词补文（第31~40题，每题1.5分，共15分）

下面的短文有十处空白，短文后列出十二个词，其中十个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

The Use of Bamboo

Did you ever see grass growing high as a tree — a tall tree? Bamboo is this kind of 31 ______. But the most interesting things about this remarkable 32 ______ is what people do with it after it is cut down. Bamboo probably has more uses than any other plant in the world.

In warm countries, many people have their houses made almost 33 ______ of bamboo: the walls, the roof, the floor. Nearly everything within their 34 ______ is made of bamboo, too. The chairs, tables, curtains, cooking pots, flower vases, drinking cups, birdcages, and so on are all made of bamboo. And the fence 35 ______ their garden is made of bamboo too.

Some bamboo is thinner than your little finger. Some is much 36 ______ than your waist. And because it is hollow, it can be used for pipes to 37 ______ water. Many farmers' fields are irrigated by water brought from a river or lake through bamboo pipes.

Bamboo is used for more than building. People eat it. They are always found in Chinese or Japanese 38 ______. Some are put into cans and shipped all over the 39 ______. Bamboo is also made into paper. Bamboo can also be made into good walking sticks and fishing poles. Who can tell what new use someone may find for this 40 ______ kind of grass — bamboo?

| A. plant | E. carry | I. special | | B. thicker | F. houses | J. taking | | C. grass | G. dishes | K. world | | D. entirely | H. around | L. different |

查看答案与解析

答案：31. C 32. A 33. D 34. F 35. H 36. B 37. E 38. G 39. K 40. I

解析：

31. C (grass)：竹子是一种草，呼应首句 grass growing high as a tree。

32. A (plant)：竹子是一种植物，this remarkable plant。

33. D (entirely)：made almost entirely of bamboo，几乎完全由竹子制成。

34. F (houses)：within their houses，在他们的房屋内部。

35. H (around)：the fence around their garden，花园周围的篱笆。

36. B (thicker)：与前文 thinner 对比，有些竹子比腰还粗。

37. E (carry)：竹子中空，可用作管道输送水。

38. G (dishes)：竹子可食用，出现在中日菜肴中。

39. K (world)：shipped all over the world，运往世界各地。

40. I (special)：this special kind of grass，这种特殊的草。

---

难度： ⭐⭐ 考点： #选词填空 #上下文推断 #词性判断

💡 学习锦囊

📖 相关公式与知识点：

• hollow — 中空的
• irrigate — 灌溉
• be made of — 由……制成（看得出原材料）
• ship — 运输、运送

思路分析

选词填空步骤：①先判断每个空所需词性（名词/动词/形容词/副词）；②从备选词中筛选符合词性的词；③根据上下文语义确定最终答案。

易错点

• 第31题易误选A (plant)，但首句明确说竹子是 grass
• 第36题注意比较级 thicker 与 thinner 的对应关系

🔄 举一反三

1. Bamboo can be used to ______ water from rivers to farms.
   查看练习答案与解析

   答案：carry解析： 竹子中空，可作为输水管道。

2. Bamboo shoots are a popular ingredient in many Asian ______.
   查看练习答案与解析

   答案：dishes解析： 竹笋是亚洲菜肴中的常见食材。

六、完型补文（第41~50题，每题1.5分，共15分）

下面的短文有十处空白，每处空白后的括号内有一个词，请根据短文内容将其正确的形式填入文中，以恢复文章原貌。

Global Warming

The study 41 ______ (show) that in some regions, lakes are warming 42 ______ (fast) than the air around them. This is important because scientists often use 43 ______ (measure) of air temperature to study how Earth is warming. By 44 ______ (use) lake temperatures as well, scientists can get a better picture of global warming. The scientists say data on those 45 ______ (lake) give scientists a new way to measure the impact of climate change around the world.

That's going to be 46 ______ (use), since no country is too big or too small to ignore climate change. Scientists aren't the only ones concerned. Everyone who 47 ______ (live) on Earth is going to be 48 ______ (affect) by the rapid warming of the planet. Many world leaders believe we 49 ______ (be) able to do something about it, 50 ______ (especial) by reducing the amount of greenhouse gases.

查看答案与解析

答案：41. shows 42. faster 43. measurements 44. using 45. lakes 46. useful 47. lives 48. affected 49. are 50. especially

解析：

41. shows：主语 The study 为单数，用一般现在时第三人称单数。

42. faster：后有 than，需用比较级。

43. measurements：use 后需名词，measure 的名词形式为 measurement，用复数表泛指。

44. using：介词 By 后接动名词。

45. lakes：those 后接名词复数。

46. useful：be 后接形容词作表语。

47. lives：Everyone who 中 who 指代 everyone，动词用第三人称单数。

48. affected：被动语态 be affected by。

49. are：we 后接 are，be able to 的现在时形式。

50. especially：修饰整个短语，用副词形式。

---

难度： ⭐⭐ 考点： #词形变换 #比较级 #被动语态 #主谓一致

💡 学习锦囊

📖 相关公式与知识点：

• 比较级 + than — 比……更……
• by + doing — 通过做……
• be affected by — 被……影响
• especially — 尤其、特别（副词）

思路分析

完型补文解题步骤：①判断空在句中的成分（谓语/宾语/状语等）；②确定所需词性；③根据上下文确定时态、语态、单复数。

易错点

• 第43题易写成 measure，但需要名词形式 measurement
• 第47题易误用 live，注意 everyone 是单数概念
• 第50题易误用 especial，修饰句子需用副词 especially

🔄 举一反三

1. The situation is getting ______ (bad) than we expected.
   查看练习答案与解析

   答案：worse解析： than 提示用比较级，bad 的比较级是 worse。

2. By ______ (study) hard, he passed the exam easily.
   查看练习答案与解析

   答案：studying解析： 介词 By 后接动名词。

七、短文写作（第51题，共30分）

请根据要求撰写一篇120词左右的英语短文。

You want to organize an activity of English Corner. Please write a note and tell the place, the time, the topic and welcome your classmates to take part in.

查看答案与解析

参考范文：

Notice: English Corner Activity

Dear classmates,

I am writing to invite you to join our upcoming English Corner activity, which will be held this Friday evening.

The activity will take place in Room 301 of the Teaching Building from 7:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m. The topic for this week's discussion is "The Impact of Social Media on Our Daily Lives." We will begin with a short video presentation, followed by group discussions and a free talk session. Snacks and drinks will be provided.

This is a wonderful opportunity to practice your spoken English, make new friends, and share your ideas in a relaxed and friendly environment. Students of all English levels are welcome to participate.

If you are interested, please sign up by sending an email to englishcorner@school.edu before Thursday noon. I look forward to seeing you there!

Yours sincerely, Li Hua

解析：

写作要点：

• 格式：通知/邀请信格式，包含称呼、正文、结尾敬语和署名。
• 必备信息：地点（Room 301, Teaching Building）、时间（Friday, 7:00-9:00 p.m.）、主题（Social Media）、欢迎语。
• 扩展内容：活动形式（视频+讨论+自由交流）、参与方式（邮件报名）、活动亮点（零食饮料、友好氛围）。

---

难度： ⭐⭐ 考点： #英语写作 #通知/邀请信 #应用文格式

💡 学习锦囊

📖 相关公式与知识点：

• upcoming — 即将到来的
• take place — 举行、发生
• followed by — 紧接着是……
• sign up — 报名
• look forward to doing — 期待做某事

思路分析

通知类应用文写作框架：①活动名称和目的；②时间、地点、主题；③活动内容和形式；④参与方式和鼓励语；⑤联系方式。

易错点

• 时间地点要具体明确，不能含糊
• look forward to 后接动名词，不是不定式
• 注意通知的语气要友好热情但不失正式

🔄 举一反三

1. Write a notice to invite students to a campus concert.
   查看练习答案与解析

   写作要点： ①音乐会名称和时间地点；②表演者和曲目简介；③票价和购票方式；④欢迎语。格式与 English Corner 通知类似。

2. Write an invitation letter to a friend for your birthday party.
   查看练习答案与解析

   写作要点： ①派对时间和地点；②活动安排（游戏/美食等）；③表达期待。注意私人邀请信语气更随意亲切。